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Been hitting your head against the wall too much? A common affliction, mild to moderate headaches can be brought on by a range of problems, including stress, tiredness, tension, food, alcohol, exposure to noise, a cold, etc., and on the whole, are no more serious than causing you immediate pain and interrupting your daily activities. A combination of these problems interacting can also lead to a headache.
There are some things you can do to treat your headache yourself that are outlined in this article, keeping in mind that each headache is, in some ways, unique, and a treatment that works for one may not work for the next.

1. Try to identify the type of headache that you're experiencing. Most headaches are tension or lifestyle induced and aren't harmful, even though they're painful and can prevent you from fulfilling your tasks. If you experience frequent headaches, a severe headache, a headache that won't respond to analgesics, or the headache is accompanied by other symptoms, consult your doctor or health professional for immediate investigation and a proper diagnosis. The following list of common types of headaches demonstrates the wide variety of possible causes for your headache, which is why it's so important to seek further treatment if your headache issue won't resolve:
   
   
   • Tension headache: The most common type of headache. Many tension headaches take time to develop following physical or emotional stress but can last for days once it kicks in. This headache tends to form as a result of muscle contraction, and is commonly felt as a band behind the eyes and across the forehead, but the pain can be located anywhere in the head, including on the side or at the back. The headache may be dull or recurrent if the source is not dealt with, and can be accompanied by feeling generally unwell, especially if the sufferer also has anxiety or depression. This type of headache tends to respond well to painkillers, rest, and alleviation of the source of stress. Sometimes a tension headache is accompanied by feeling nauseous.
   • Medication overuse headache: The third most widespread source of headaches is the medication overuse headache, AKA "rebound headache", which stems from withdrawal symptoms from long-term use of pain relief medication (usually for tension headaches). MOH headaches are treatable, requiring cessation of the medication on which the sufferer has grown reliant and often supplemented with prophylactic treatment.The symptoms of an MOH headache are often similar to those of tension headaches.
   • Hangover headache: The pain is real and so is what you drank the night before! Symptoms include throbbing pain, nausea, and feeling generally lousy. Keep up your fluids and be patient.
   • Allergy or food induced headache: With an allergy induced headache. you'll often have a runny nose and runny eyes as well as the headache, and the headache can be generalized. This type of headache tends to be seasonal and is often treated with anti-histamines; speak with your doctor about choices. MSG can induce headaches in sensitive persons; other symptoms will include facial pressure, chest pain, burning sensation on trunk, neck and shoulders and the head will throb. Nitrites and nitrates in meat can induce a moderate to severe headache. And if you eat ice cream or drink a cold drink too quickly, you can induce a temporary "brainfreeze", or "ice cream headache" which is severe but passes quickly.
   • Migraine headache: With a migraine, the sufferer will feel throbbing pain accompanied by severe nausea and possible vomiting. There are visual problems such as seeing stars, flickering objects, and even partial loss of vision. Some migraines also cause numbness or weakness. Migraines can be caused by reactions to food, stressors, hormonal changes, an accident, and for some people, they are inherited. Migraines require special attention and you should seek advice from your doctor on what to medicate with, as well as finding methods to try and head off getting a migraine.
   • Cluster headache: This is a headache that sits around your eye area and can involve pain, drooping eyelids, nasal discharge and a watery eye. It tends to be more common in males, and can be ongoing. If this type of head pain is occurring, take it seriously and see your doctor for advice and treatment.
   • Headache caused by pain, problems, or tension in another part of the body: Headaches can be caused by sinus blockage, a cold, virus, or fever, coughing, physical exertion, hunger, eyestrain, strained neck or back muscles, arthritis, and by dental problems. In each case, it is essential to get your doctor's examination and advice, as you will probably need wider body treatment and not just a simple focus on the head region. If you have to wear certain items regularly, such as goggles for swimming, or pull your hair back a lot for modeling or stagework, etc., these can cause headaches in their own right – often the symptoms will be relieved by removing the item or changing your hair styling method.
   • Accident induced headache: If you involved in an accident in which your head receives a shock, bump, hit, or bang, you may develop a headache. As this can also be accompanied by concussion, skull fractures, internal bleeding, etc., you must seek immediate medical treatment. Post-traumatic headaches can arise as the result of being in an accident or traumatic situation – these can be extremely difficult to treat and may need the intervention of a specialist trained in psychology or psychiatry.
   • Aneurysm: You will experience a sudden, "thunderclap" of pain. This pain can mimic a migraine or cluster headache and can be accompanied by a stiff neck, double vision, and loss of consciousness. Get immediate, urgent medical assistance. In this case, surgery and blood pressure stabilization are the main treatments.
   • Tumor induced headache: This is rare and if you have any suspicions that this is an issue, see your doctor immediately. Some symptoms of a brain tumor might include numbness or weakness of limbs, slurred speech, disturbed vision, epileptic fits, personality changes, or poor balance. It is rare for there to be no other symptom than a headache.
   • Altitude sickness headache: If you experience altitude sickness, the pain can affect both sides of the head, or just one side. Usually impacts climbers not using oxygen. Follow the precautions for treating altitude sickness.
   • Other headaches: There are a number of other reasons for triggering a headache that are best diagnosed by a doctor; what is important to understand is that if you have any concerns, see your doctor quickly.
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   Try different methods for alleviating your headache. Not every method suggested in the following sections will necessarily help, and it remains vital to always be alert for headache symptoms that might require a visit to the doctor. However, with trial and error, you should be able to find various methods that do alleviate your tension or other home-treatable headache and you might find that these work each time. In addition to trying different remedies, it is suggested that you:
   • Keep a record of your headaches. This will help you to identify patterns that bring about headaches, such as after a particularly stressful period at work, after communication problems, after eating certain foods, etc. and will be a way that you can start learning to head off a headache before it begins to develop. If your headaches are hormonally induced (for example, as a result of having a period), knowing when you're likely to experience hormonal fluctuations (and hence headaches) will allow you to plan accordingly to "ease up" on work and home chores at this time of the month.
   • Learn to look at all of your lifestyle factors as a whole, to identify the areas where you can reduce stressors that lead to body tension and headaches. Identifying "precipitating factors", including food, bright lights, alcohol, exercise, stress, changes in your life, sleep problems, physical exertion, etc., will ensure that you learn coping strategies that reduce the likelihood of getting a headache or other stress or tension related symptoms.

Relaxation techniques

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   Rest. Rest and time out from other people, noise, and thinking about problems can go a very long way to improving a tension induced headache. Lay down in a quiet, darkened room for at least a half hour. Ensure that the bed or couch is comfortable and that your head is supported in a position that doesn't increase the tension to your head. Shut your eyes and simply lie still for the time, or try to sleep.
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   Use massage. Massage the ears and ear lobes as well as the neck. If you can, find two tennis balls or racket balls and put them in a sock. Lie on a flat surface and place the two balls just below the base of your skull on the occipital and relax. You may feel sinus pressure or minimal discomfort at first but it will go away. Stay in this position with the still point on the occipital for as long as needed. This is especially helpful for sinus headaches.
   • Have someone else massage your neck and back if possible. The simple touch of someone else who cares about you can relieve a lot of tension instantly.
   • Try massaging the top of the bridge of your nose. This can help sometimes.
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   Try hydrotherapy. Heat and chill compresses. Apply both compresses alternately to the nape of the neck. Wring a small towel in hot water and place on the neck for two minutes. Repeat for one minute with a towel wrung in cold water. Continue doing this for up to 20 minutes.
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   Visualize peacefulness. Spend some time relaxing your mind. Visualize a calm scene, such as a green forest or blue ocean, and take deep breaths. Without doing anything, have the thought of allowing your neck the freedom to float, and your back the freedom to sink into something very soft. Tension in the neck and shoulders can often be the cause of headaches.
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   Visualize your headache going away. Although this takes concentration and you cannot usually do anything whilst trying this, it is quite effective. Imagine your headache as silvery smoke, and visualize it seeping out through the roots of your hair.
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   Consider acupuncture or acupressure. These can reduce the head pain if performed by a qualified person. Ask to see licensing and check that needles are sterilized in the case of acupuncture. These techniques are good for reducing nausea. Although acupuncture has not fared well in experimental trials (working equally well as or even worse than randomly stabbing someone with needles or making them only think they have been punctured), headaches based on physical tension can benefit greatly even from placebo effects that help the user to relax.
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   Try simple reflexology. Use the thumb and index finger of one hand to apply pressure to the fleshy area between the thumb and index finger of the other hand. Hold this for a minute or two. This doesn't seem to work for everyone, but for some people, it provides immediate relief. The relief may be temporary, or you may get rid of your headache entirely. Although reflexology is as effective as a placebo treatment (much like with acupuncture, above), there can still be some benefit in pain management from either form, due to the highly subjective nature of pain and tension.

Medication or topical treatments for headaches

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   Take a commercial headache preparation (analgesic) available from a pharmacy or supermarket. If you visit a pharmacy, you can describe the symptoms to the pharmacist who may be able to point you to a particular medication that might alleviate the pain. Common painkillers for headaches include aspirin, anti-inflammatories, and acetaminophen (Tylenol, Panadol, etc.). Always follow the instructions precisely as indicated on the product; not doing so can mask or worsen your condition.
   • Stop taking aspirin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) if you experience indigestion or any sign of increased bruising; and do not use aspirin for children under 12.
   • Stronger remedies contain codeine. This can help alleviate pain initially but it has its own side effects, including constipation and could mask more serious symptoms. If you feel as if you need to keep upping the dose, see your doctor.
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   Use heat or cold. Depending on your preference, heat or cold can improve your headache when applied direct to the skin. You can try one or the other, or even alternate between hot and cold^:
   • Cold: Apply ice packs. Ice packs have been used for years to treat headaches and they still work. You usually find ice packs at your drugstore. A cold rag on your neck or forehead can also work wonders.
   • Heat: Use a moist hot pack (but not too hot) to loosen up tense muscles. Or apply a warm cloth to the forehead of back of the neck.
   • A cold or warm bath before lying down might be helpful.
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   Stimulate pain to conquer pain. Feel the top of your eye socket under the eyebrow. You will discover a small groove in your skull about the center of the top of the eye socket. In this groove is a nerve which is very sensitive to pressure. If you compress this nerve, it will be very painful. However, the pain will stimulate the pituitary to release endorphins immediately. The endorphins are the body's own natural painkillers and are more powerful than morphine. To stimulate the nerve, push hard against it for about 10 seconds. Note that this method may not work, and if you cannot tolerate doing it, or it becomes too painful, stop immediately.

Natural remedies

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   Be informed. There are a number of natural remedies that might work to treat your headache. As with any natural remedy, always know the side effects and allergy potential of the remedy, as well as the contra-indications, such as not using when pregnant, sick, etc.
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   Try herbal remedies. There are several herbal remedies that are considered to have value for getting rid of headaches:
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     Feverfew: Feverfew can be taken in capsule or tablet form, as a tea, or even eaten in a sandwich (it tastes bitter). There is mixed evidence to support the effectiveness of feverfew but it has been relied upon for centuries, so it might be worth trying. There are no serious side effects to using feverfew although you might experience a sore tongue, mouth ulcers, or nausea, digestive problems and bloating. Coming off long-term use of feverfew can disrupt sleep and cause headaches.
   • Willow bark, magnesium, peppermint, and lavender supplements might help. Note, however, that the scientific support for or extensive studies on the effectiveness of many of these supplements varies. If you feel it that works for you, and you're aware of any potential side effects, then trust your own remedies!
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     Tea: A cup of tea made from passionflower, rosemary, or lavender might alleviate a headache.Peppermint or chamomile tea can help to relax you.
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     Use AromatherapyAromatherapy preparations vary considerably but some of the more commonly used essential oils for headache treatment include lavender, sweet marjoram, and chamomile. Use for neck massaging, in a bath, or to inhale.
   • For relief of aches and pains: Mix 5 drops rosemary oil, 5 drops nutmeg oil, 5 drops lavender oil in a carrier oil. Massage on the neck and upper back area.
   • If you have a vaporizer, add 7 drops of lavender oil, 3 drops of peppermint oil, and breathe in the relief. Alternatively you could also try sprinkling a few drops of peppermint oil onto a tissue and inhaling deeply several times.
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   Consider the potential for homeopathy. If you know how to use homeopathic remedies, an occasional headache might be minimized by using the following suggestions^:
   • Belladonna: good for headaches that arise from a reaction to noise or light.
   • Bryonia: good for headaches brought about by movement.
   • Ignacia: good for headaches brought on by acute emotional distress.
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   Drink water. Dehydration can be a cause of some headaches. Have a glass of water to see if this helps. This can work well in combination with lying down and resting for a bit.
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   Try food remedies. Lack of food can cause a headache, so make sure you've eaten something recently. In addition, some foods are thought to help alleviate headaches. None of the following are guaranteed but they've worked for some people, so they might just work for you:
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     Eat almonds. Almonds contain pain-relieving chemicals that might reduce your headache symptoms.
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     Try cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper might help to improve your headache. You could try consuming it (the theory being that when the cayenne pepper hits your stomach, endorphins are released), but some research suggests that only topical application works effectively. It is probably best to get your doctor's advice if you're planning to apply this topically!
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      Apply a compress with vinegar
     Apply a compress with vinegar (preferably home-made, apple vinegar) to your head.
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     Drink a cup of a caffeine-containing beverage. Caffeine constricts the blood vessels, which can lessen head pain. But too much caffeine may trigger migraines in some people so instead of coffee, you might like to try tea. If taken in conjunction with a painkiller, caffeine can also speed up the medicine's effect, and as a result some painkillers include caffeine. Alternately, you can drink cola. Note that if you're a heavy caffeine or soda drinker, you may experience headaches as part of caffeine withdrawal. A jolt of caffeine will usually help, but in the long run, it's best to break your addiction and the headaches will disappear.
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     Take a lime, cut it in half, and rub it on your forehead. The throbbing will go away.